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integrated gasification combined cycle
An integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is a technology that uses a high pressure gasifier to turn coal and other carbon based fuels into pressurized gas—synthesis gas (syngas). It can then remove impurities from the syngas prior to the power generation cycle. Some of these pollutants, such as sulfur, can be turned into re-usable byproducts. This results in lower emissions of sulfur dioxide, particulates, mercury, and in some cases carbon dioxide. With additional process equipment, a water-gas shift reaction can increase gasification efficiency and reduce carbon monoxide emissions by converting it to carbon dioxide. The resulting carbon dioxide from the shift reaction can be separated, compressed, and stored through sequestration. Excess heat from the primary combustion and syngas fired generation is then passed to a steam cycle, similar to a combined cycle gas turbine. This process results in improved thermodynamic efficiency compared to conventional pulverized coal.
==Significance==
Coal can be found in abundance in the USA and many other countries and its price has remained relatively constant in recent years. Consequently, it was used for about 50 percent of U.S. electricity needs.〔Schon, Samuel C., and Arthur A. Small III. "Climate change and the potential of coal gasification." Geotimes 51.9 (Sept 2006): 20(4). Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. University of Washington. 28 Oct. 2008 |date=October 29, 2008〕 Thus the lower emissions that IGCC technology allows through gasification and pre-combustion carbon capture may be important in the future as emission regulations tighten due to growing concern for the impacts of pollutants on the environment and the globe.〔
This technology is being utilized in a project under construction, located in Kemper, Mississippi. The Kemper Project is using lignite coal to produce energy for Mississippians.
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